Professional dominatrix Madelaine Thomas is far from your standard startup entrepreneur. After repeated occurrences of individuals leaking her private explicit images, she felt "sufficiently outraged to do something about it" and turned to tech solutions for answers.
"Those were striking images, I'm not ashamed of the pictures, I'm ashamed of the manner that they were weaponized by an individual who I don't know," explained Madelaine.
Just over a year after launching her company, Image Angel, which uses invisible forensic watermarking to track perpetrators, has garnered significant recognition and was recommended as exemplary procedure in an government-commissioned study recently.
This represents a significant shift from her previous career in offering BDSM services, working with clients in the world of BDSM.
Intimate image abuse, often referred to as revenge porn, is a punishable crime with offenders risking two years in prison.
It is far from an issue uniquely experienced by those in the adult entertainment sector. A study indicates that approximately 1.42% of the women in the UK is impacted by this form of abuse each year.
Madelaine, thirty-seven, said victims lived with shame and stigma. "I think a lot of people will say, 'you put a saucy picture out on the internet, what do you anticipate?'," she noted.
"I expect respect, I expect consideration, and I expect confidence, and I don't see why those are negotiable," she added. "The reality that those images could be then shared where I live or with people I love and employed to cause them pain, that's unacceptable, that's not my choice, that's not my mistake, that's someone committing abuse."
Madelaine has been working as a dominatrix, primarily online, for a decade and always found her work liberating and satisfying. "It's me as a dominant woman, a woman who is empowered and strong, giving my body as a treat to someone because I wish to," she described.
"Some believe it's strange but I don't see it any differently to a personal trainer or an financial advisor giving advice," she remarked.
She embraces being a unique figure in the technology sector. "I understand that it's bizarre, it's crazy to think that an individual who was a dominatrix is now a creator of a technology firm, but it took someone who has been through it to understand the loopholes and the modifications that were necessary," she explained.
She maintained she was not technically inclined and was able to build her company after many sleepless nights, research and "bugging people" who understand tech.
Image Angel can be implemented on any digital service where people share images, for instance social connection apps, social networks and websites.
When an image is accessed by a viewer, it is seamlessly tagged with an invisible forensic watermark which is specific to that viewer.
This covert marker is encoded within the copy of the image itself and can survive screen shots, being altered and being photographed with a different camera.
It ensures that if you discover your image has been shared without your consent, as long as the platform you posted it on has the technology embedded, the viewer's details will be encoded in the image and can be extracted by a forensic expert so legal steps can follow.
To date, one service has implemented her tech and she's in talks with several more.
"The system already exists in the film industry, it is employed in sports broadcasting so this is not brand new technology, it's just a novel use and a different framework," explained Madelaine.
"We have validated it, we're partnering with a firm that has 30 years experience in tech development so we know that this is solid and what we now need to do is deploy it widely," she continued.
She said she believed the technology would also act as a preventive measure to would-be intimate image abusers.
An advocate from a leading helpline said she had seen first-hand the panic, distress and self-blame this abuse caused for victims.
"If that self-blame is reinforced by a uninformed acquaintance or service who says 'well, why did you take those images in the first place?' that self blame can really be deepened so it's crucial that the response a victim receives is that they have not done anything wrong," she emphasized.
She noted it was fantastic that Madelaine was using her experience to bring about change, adding: "It is vital to have this comprehensive strategy towards tackling technology-enabled gender-based abuse, because a single solution is going to be able to tackle this alone, not just support services, it needs to be this integrated effort."
TV presenter Jess Davies was only fifteen when images of her in a state of undress were shared around her town. It was the beginning of multiple violations Jess experienced in her youth that would later inform her advocacy work.
"It required years, an excessive amount of time for someone to tell me, 'it wasn't your fault' and 'that shouldn't have happened'," recalled Jess.
She too is passionate about eliminating the shame of intimate image abuse from the victims to the offenders. "There is no offence to willingly share an photo to someone," stated Jess.
"But it is a crime to circulate that non-consensually and I think that should always be where the responsibility is," she concluded.
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